BASAL GANGLIA DIRECT PATHWAY
Neuroanatomy Study Tool
Description
This is a neuroanatomy study tool meant to improve student understanding of neuroanatomical concepts by supplementing existing materials. This piece specifically focuses on the basal ganglia direct pathway, and aims to help students visualize the connections between the basal ganglia and its associated structures. The most challenging part of this illustration was in distilling down the complex information on the basal ganglia pathways into its most critical components.
Type
Anatomical and didactic illustration
Tools
Procreate, Adobe Illustrator, ZBrush, Autodesk Maya
Client
Shelley Wall, University of Toronto
Audience
Science and medical students
Date
December 2022
Process Work
Sketches
I personally find the basal ganglia very difficult to understand due to the many structures involved. Therefore for my piece, I knew I wanted to showcase a cross section of the structures, along with its placement in the brain to help orient the audience.
Maquette
Since the basal ganglia are deep structures, I decided to build a maquette. I used a 3D model from the BodyParts3D database as a base, removing the majority of the left hemisphere, and leaving only the primary motor cortex and the basal ganglia.
References
Agur, A. M., & Dalley, A. F. (2017). Grant's Atlas of Anatomy (14th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
Agur, A. M., & Dalley, A. F. (2019). Moore's Essential Clinical Anatomy (6th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
Crossman, A. R., & Neary, D. (2018). Neuroanatomy: An Illustrated Colour Text (6th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences.
Felten, D. L., O'Banion, M. K., & Maida, M. E. (2015). Netter's atlas of neuroscience. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Kiernan, J. A., & Barr, M. L. (2009). Barr's the human nervous system: an anatomical viewpoint. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Mitsuhashi, N., Fujieda, K., Tamura, T., Kawamoto, S., Takagi, T., & Okubo, K. (2008). BodyParts3D: 3D Structure Database for Anatomical Concepts. The Database Centre for Life Science. https://lifesciencedb.jp/bp3d/
Nolte, J. (1998). The Human Brain: An Introduction to It's Functional Anatomy. Mosby.
Poritsky, R. (1984). Neuroanatomical pathways. Saunders.
Rohen, J. W., Yokochi, C., & Lütjen-Drecoll, E. (2016). Anatomy: A Photographic Atlas (8th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
Rubin, M., & Safdieh, J. E. (2007). Netter's Concise Neuroanatomy. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Schuenke, M., Schulte, E., Schumacher, U., Ross, L. M., & Lamperti, E. D. (2010). Thieme atlas of anatomy: head and neuroanatomy. Thieme.